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SAT English
Practice Notebook
GRADE 5 ยท ADVANCED LEVEL
โšก 20 Questions ๐Ÿ“ Hard Mode ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ All English
์ด ๋…ธํŠธ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
ํ‹€๋ ค๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š” โ€” ํ•ด์„ค์„ ๊ผญ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์™ธ์›Œ๋ด์š”! ๐ŸŒŸ
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๐Ÿ“˜ Section 1: Vocabulary in Context
1
Vocabulary in Context
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๋œป์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋• ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์•ž๋’ค(context)๋ฅผ ๋ด! ๋ณด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋นˆ์นธ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ง์ด ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด.
๐Ÿ“„ Read the passage
The scientist's theory was considered audacious by her colleagues, since no one had ever dared to challenge the established rules of physics so boldly.
As used in the passage, audacious most nearly means:
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
The key context clue is "no one had ever dared" and "so boldly". These words tell us the action was BRAVE and RISKY, not timid or careful. Audacious = ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ, ์šฉ๊ฐํ•œ.

โŒ "timid" = ์†Œ์‹ฌํ•œ (๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋œป), โŒ "cautious" = ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด (๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋œป)
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Vocabulary โ€” Connotation
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Connotation(ํ•จ์ถ•์  ์˜๋ฏธ)์— ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด! "thin"๊ณผ "scrawny"๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋œป์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ. ๊ธ์ •์ /๋ถ€์ •์  ๋А๋‚Œ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด.
๐Ÿ“„ Read the passage
My grandmother always called her cooking "humble," but visitors were consistently amazed by the lavish spread she put on the table every Sunday.
The word lavish in the passage suggests that the meals were:
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
"Lavish" = ํ’์„ฑํ•œ, ์‚ฌ์น˜์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด. The grandmother says "humble" (๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„), BUT visitors were "amazed" = ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค! This contrast tells us the meals were actually IMPRESSIVE and abundant.

๐Ÿ”‘ contrast clue: "but" ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ!
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3
Word Roots & Prefixes
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ์–ด๊ทผ(root)์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ํ’€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด!
bene = ์ข‹์€(good) ยท mal = ๋‚˜์œ(bad) ยท port = ๋‚˜๋ฅด๋‹ค(carry)
Based on your knowledge of word roots, which word BEST fits a sentence meaning "a person who wishes others well and gives generously to charity"?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
Philanthropist = philo(์‚ฌ๋ž‘) + anthrop(์ธ๊ฐ„) = "์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž" โ†’ ์ž์„ ๊ฐ€!
โ€ข malevolent = mal(๋‚˜์œ) + vol(์›ํ•˜๋‹ค) = ์•…์˜์ ์ธ โŒ
โ€ข malefactor = mal(๋‚˜์œ) + fact(ํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค) = ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž โŒ
โ€ข beneficiary = ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ (์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹˜) โŒ
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4
Multiple Meaning Words
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋œป = multiple meanings! ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋œป์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด. "bank" = ์€ํ–‰ OR ๊ฐ•๋‘‘ OR ๊ธฐ์šธ๋‹ค.
๐Ÿ“„ Read the passage
The lawyer's argument was so sound that even the opposing attorney could not find a single flaw in her reasoning.
In this context, what does the word sound mean?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
"Sound" has MANY meanings! Here, the context is "no flaw in her reasoning" โ†’ the argument was SOLID and VALID.
๐Ÿ“Œ "sound argument" = ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ (์ด ๋œป์„ ๊ผญ ์™ธ์›Œ!)
A, B, C๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ "์†Œ๋ฆฌ"์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์˜๋ฏธ โ†’ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ๊ณผ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•ˆ ๋งž์Œ!
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5
Figurative Language
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Idiom(๊ด€์šฉ์–ด)๋Š” ๊ธ€์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ!
"break the ice" = ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•จ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ค (์‹ค์ œ ์–ผ์Œ์„ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹˜!)
๐Ÿ“„ Read the passage
When Marcus finally apologized after the argument, it was clear he was trying to bury the hatchet with his best friend.
What does the phrase bury the hatchet mean in this context?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
"Bury the hatchet" = ํ™”ํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ๋๋‚ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ๋„๋ผ(hatchet)๋ฅผ ๋•…์— ๋ฌป์€ ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”!

๋ฌธ๋งฅ ๋‹จ์„œ: Marcus๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ํ™”ํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ! A์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธ€์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
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๐Ÿ“— Section 2: Grammar & Usage
6
Subject-Verb Agreement
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Neither A nor B ๋˜๋Š” Either A or B ์ผ ๋•Œ, ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ B(๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ชฝ)์— ๋งž์ถฐ!
Neither the cats nor the dog IS hungry. (dog๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šฐ๋‹ˆ is!)
Choose the sentence with CORRECT subject-verb agreement:
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
Neither A nor B + verb ๊ทœ์น™: ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” B(nor ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋’ค)์— ์ผ์น˜์‹œ์ผœ!
โœ… C: "the teachers have" โ†’ teachers(๋ณต์ˆ˜) โ†’ have (๋ณต์ˆ˜ ๋™์‚ฌ) โœ”
โŒ A: "the principal have" โ†’ principal(๋‹จ์ˆ˜) โ†’ has๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•จ!
โŒ B: "the teacher are" โ†’ teacher(๋‹จ์ˆ˜) โ†’ is๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•จ!
โŒ D: "the players was" โ†’ players(๋ณต์ˆ˜) โ†’ were๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•จ!
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Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Everyone / each / anyone / nobody ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ์ทจ๊ธ‰!
Everyone should bring his or her own pencil. (their โŒ โ†’ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ƒ)
Which sentence uses pronouns CORRECTLY?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
"Each"๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆ˜! โ†’ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ her/his ๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผ ํ•ด.
โœ… B: Each(๋‹จ์ˆ˜) โ†’ her(๋‹จ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ) โœ”
โŒ A: Each โ†’ their(๋ณต์ˆ˜) ํ‹€๋ฆผ!
โŒ C, D: Everyone/Nobody โ†’ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜์ธ๋ฐ their(๋ณต์ˆ˜) ์‚ฌ์šฉ โ†’ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‹€๋ฆผ

๐Ÿ“ ์ฐธ๊ณ : ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” "they/their"๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, SAT ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”!
p.7
8
Punctuation โ€” Comma Rules
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ FANBOYS = For / And / Nor / But / Or / Yet / So
๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ FANBOYS๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ๋•Œ โ†’ ์‰ผํ‘œ + FANBOYS ํ•„์ˆ˜!
Choose the sentence with CORRECT punctuation:
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
โŒ A = comma splice! ๋‘ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ฉด ํ‹€๋ ค์š”.
โŒ B = run-on sentence! ์ ‘์†์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๋‘์  ์—†์ด ๋ถ™์ž„ โ†’ ํ‹€๋ ค์š”.
โœ… C = "because" (์ข…์†์ ‘์†์‚ฌ)๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์žฅ! โœ”
โŒ D = "but"์€ FANBOYS์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•ด์š”. "๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๋๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์€ ์นจ์ˆ˜๋๋‹ค"? โ†’ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—†์Œ!
p.8
9
Misplaced Modifiers
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ์ˆ˜์‹์–ด(modifier)๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด!
"Running fast, the bus left." โ†’ ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ ? โŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๊ฒ ์ง€!
Which sentence has a CORRECTLY placed modifier?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
"Walking through the park" โ†’ ์ด ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด!
โœ… C: "Walking through the park, Jenna saw..." โ†’ Jenna๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋‹ค โœ”
โŒ A: "Walking through the park, a beautiful bird was seen..." โ†’ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹Œ๋‹ค? ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ๋จ!
โŒ B: "Almost the teacher" = ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜? almost๋Š” graded ์•ž์— ์™€์•ผ ํ•ด.
โŒ D: "every paper almost" = almost every paper๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ.
p.9
10
Verb Tense Consistency
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ด€๋˜๊ฒŒ! ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ํ‹€๋ ค. ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŠ€๋ฉด โ†’ ์˜ค๋‹ต!
Choose the sentence that is CORRECT in terms of verb tense:
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์ œ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ด!
โœ… B: walked / opened / took โ†’ ์ „๋ถ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ โœ”
โŒ A: walked / opens(ํ˜„์žฌ) / took โ†’ ์‹œ์ œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜!
โŒ C: walks(ํ˜„์žฌ) / opened / took โ†’ ์‹œ์ œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜!
โŒ D: walked / opened / takes(ํ˜„์žฌ) โ†’ ์‹œ์ œ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜!
p.10
๐Ÿ“• Section 3: Reading Comprehension
11
Main Idea
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Main idea(์ฃผ์ œ) ์ฐพ๊ธฐ โ†’ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜(detail) ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ(too broad) ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ํƒˆ๋ฝ! ๋”ฑ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ.
๐Ÿ“„ Read the passage
Ocean pollution has reached alarming levels. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste enter the sea, harming marine animals and disrupting ecosystems. Scientists warn that microplastics have now been found in fish consumed by humans. Governments worldwide are beginning to implement strict regulations on single-use plastics, though many environmental groups argue these measures do not go far enough.
What is the MAIN IDEA of this passage?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
โŒ A = ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ detail (์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ)
โŒ B = ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฌธ์— ์—†๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ (too broad & not in text)
โœ… C = ์ „์ฒด ์ง€๋ฌธ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” main idea โœ”
โŒ D = ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ผ ๋ฟ (detail)

๐Ÿ“Œ ์ฒซ ๋ฌธ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์— ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํžŒํŠธ๋กœ ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚˜์™€์š”!
p.11
12
Inference
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Inference(์ถ”๋ก ) = ๊ธ€์— ์ง์ ‘ ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ. ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ!
๐Ÿ“„ Read the passage
Despite practicing the piano for three years, Emily still struggled to keep the correct tempo during performances. Her teacher noticed that she would practice perfectly at home but freeze the moment she stepped on stage. Her palms would sweat, her mind would go blank, and she would lose count of the beats.
What can most likely be INFERRED about Emily?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
"Sweat palms, mind goes blank, loses count" = ๋ถˆ์•ˆ/๊ธด์žฅ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ฆ์ƒ๋“ค!
โœ… C: ์ง€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ(sweating, freezing, mind blank)๊ฐ€ performance anxiety(๋ฌด๋Œ€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ด โœ”
โŒ A: "enjoyed"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ (์ง€๋ฌธ์— ์—†๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ!)
โŒ B: ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์—„ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์—†์Œ
โŒ D: ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘”๋‹ค๋Š” ์–ธ๊ธ‰ ์—†์Œ
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13
Author's Purpose & Tone
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Author's purpose = PIE
๐Ÿ“Œ Persuade(์„ค๋“) ยท Inform(์ •๋ณด์ „๋‹ฌ) ยท Entertain(์˜ค๋ฝ)
๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด โ†’ ์„ค๋“ / ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์น˜ โ†’ ์ •๋ณด / ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ โ†’ ์˜ค๋ฝ
๐Ÿ“„ Read the passage
"We cannot afford to wait any longer! Every day we delay action on climate change, thousands of species edge closer to extinction. The next generation will inherit a world of floods, fires, and famine if we do not act NOW. Vote for candidates who take climate action seriously โ€” our children's future depends on it."
What is the author's PRIMARY purpose in writing this passage?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
๋‹จ์„œ๋“ค: "We cannot afford to wait!", "Vote for...", "our children's future"
โ†’ ๊ฐ์ •์  ์–ธ์–ด + ํ–‰๋™ ์ด‰๊ตฌ(call to action) = Persuade(์„ค๋“)!

โœ… B๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต. ํŠนํžˆ "Vote for"๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์„ค๋“/์ด‰๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ!
โŒ A, D: ์ •๋ณด ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์„ค๋ช…์ด ์•„๋‹˜ (๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ/์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์—†์Œ)
โŒ C: ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ(story) ํ˜•์‹์ด ์•„๋‹˜
p.13
14
Fact vs. Opinion
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Fact = ์ฆ๋ช… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ / Opinion = ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ
Opinion ๋‹จ์–ด: I believe / should / best / worst / most / seems / probably
Which of the following is a FACT and NOT an opinion?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
โœ… C: ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž โ†’ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ FACT โœ”
โŒ A: "probably" + "most exciting" = ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ํŒ๋‹จ = opinion
โŒ B: "should" = ๋‹น์œ„์„ฑ ์ฃผ์žฅ = opinion
โŒ D: "best investment" = ๊ฐ€์น˜ ํŒ๋‹จ = opinion

๐Ÿ“Œ ์ˆซ์ž, ๋‚ ์งœ, ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ FACT!
p.14
15
Text Structure โ€” Cause & Effect
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Cause & Effect ์‹ ํ˜ธ์–ด:
์›์ธโ†’ because / since / due to / as a result of
๊ฒฐ๊ณผโ†’ therefore / thus / consequently / as a result / so
๐Ÿ“„ Read the passage
Due to a severe drought, the river levels in the region dropped dramatically. As a result, farmers were unable to irrigate their crops. Consequently, the harvest failed, leading to food shortages across three counties.
According to the passage, what was the DIRECT cause of the food shortage?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ chain(์—ฐ์‡„)์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ด:
Drought โ†’ River drops โ†’ Can't irrigate โ†’ Harvest fails โ†’ Food shortage

โœ… D: "food shortage"์˜ ์ง์ ‘(direct) ์›์ธ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” "failed harvest"!
A๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›์ธ(root cause), B, C๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„. "DIRECT cause"๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ D๊ฐ€ ์ •๋‹ต!

โš ๏ธ "direct cause" vs "root cause" ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ์ค‘์š”!
p.15
๐Ÿ“’ Section 4: Writing & Expression
16
Transition Words
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์–ด์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์™ธ์›Œ!
๋ฐ˜์ „โ†’ However / Although / Despite
์ถ”๊ฐ€โ†’ Furthermore / Moreover / In addition
๊ฒฐ๋ก โ†’ Therefore / Thus / In conclusion
๐Ÿ“„ Fill in the blank
Training for a marathon requires months of dedication and physical preparation. __________, even well-trained runners sometimes fail to finish the race due to unexpected injuries.
Which transition word BEST fits the blank?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
์•ž ๋ฌธ์žฅ: ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค (๊ธ์ •์ )
๋’ท ๋ฌธ์žฅ: ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์‹คํŒจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (๋ถ€์ •์ )
โ†’ ๋ฐ˜์ „/๋Œ€์กฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„!

โœ… C: Nevertheless = "๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ " = ๋ฐ˜์ „ โœ”
โŒ A: Therefore = ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ (๊ฒฐ๊ณผ/๊ฒฐ๋ก )
โŒ B: Furthermore = ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ (์ถ”๊ฐ€)
โŒ D: Consequently = ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ (๊ฒฐ๊ณผ)
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17
Sentence Combining
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ์ข‹์€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ = ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐ(concise)ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ช…ํ™•(clear)ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด! ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ์—†์• ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณจ๋ผ.
Which BEST combines these two sentences into one clear sentence?
"The dog was tired. The dog slept for twelve hours."
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
โœ… B: Because + ์›์ธ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ†’ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™• โœ”
โŒ A: "tired"๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต โ†’ redundant(์ค‘๋ณต)!
โŒ C: "and it slept" โ†’ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ• ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ (which์ ˆ ๋’ค์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ and it์€ ์–ด์ƒ‰)
โŒ D: "however"๋ฅผ ์‰ผํ‘œ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’ comma splice! (์„ธ๋ฏธ์ฝœ๋ก ์„ ์จ์•ผ ํ•จ)
p.17
18
Paragraph Organization
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ๋ฌธ๋‹จ ์ˆœ์„œ = Topic โ†’ Support โ†’ Example โ†’ Conclusion
์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌธ์ด ๋จผ์ €, ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ๋ฌธ์žฅ, ์˜ˆ์‹œ, ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ!
Read these sentences and choose the BEST order for a well-organized paragraph:
(1) For example, students who sleep less than eight hours score significantly lower on tests.
(2) Getting enough sleep is essential for academic success.
(3) Therefore, students should aim for at least eight hours of sleep each night.
(4) Research consistently shows that sleep deprivation impairs memory and concentration.
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
โœ… B: 2โ†’4โ†’1โ†’3
๐Ÿ’ก (2) "Getting enough sleep is essential..." = ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฌธ(Topic sentence)
๐Ÿ’ก (4) "Research shows..." = ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ๋ฌธ์žฅ(Support)
๐Ÿ’ก (1) "For example, students..." = ์˜ˆ์‹œ(Example)
๐Ÿ’ก (3) "Therefore, students should..." = ๊ฒฐ๋ก (Conclusion)

๐Ÿ“Œ "For example"์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ ์•ž์—, "Therefore"๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์—!
p.18
19
Redundancy & Conciseness
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: Redundancy(์ค‘๋ณต)๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ โ†’ ํ‹€๋ ค!
"free gift" โ† gift๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ! / "past history" โ† history๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ!
Which sentence is the MOST concise (free of redundancy)?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
โœ… C: ๋”ฑ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ! ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ช…ํ™• โœ”
โŒ A: "new innovation" โ†’ innovation์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ! / "future ahead" ์ค‘๋ณต
โŒ B: "returned back" โ†’ return์— ์ด๋ฏธ "back"์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ / "as a child" ์ค‘๋ณต
โŒ D: "collaborated together" โ†’ collaborate์— ์ด๋ฏธ "together"์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ / "shared mutual" ์ค‘๋ณต
p.19
20
Supporting Evidence
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐Ÿง 
์•”๊ธฐํฌ์ธํŠธ: ๊ธ€์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด! ๊ด€๋ จ์€ ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ(off-topic) ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด.
๐Ÿ“„ Read the passage
Regular exercise has tremendous benefits for mental health. Studies show that physical activity releases endorphins, which reduce stress and boost mood. ______________________. Additionally, people who exercise regularly report better quality of sleep.
Which sentence BEST fills the blank to support the paragraph's main idea?
๐Ÿ’ก Explanation
์ฃผ์ œ: ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•(mental health)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

โœ… B: anxiety, depression = ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€๋ จ โœ”
โŒ A: weight loss, muscle = ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• โ†’ ์ฃผ์ œ(์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•)์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚จ!
โŒ C: ํ—ฌ์Šค์žฅ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ โ†’ ์™„์ „ํžˆ off-topic!
โŒ D: ๋งˆ๋ผํ†ค ํ›ˆ๋ จ โ†’ ์ด๋ฏธ Q16์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋‚ด์šฉ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„  off-topic!
p.20