The scientist's theory was considered audacious by her colleagues, since no one had ever dared to challenge the established rules of physics so boldly.
As used in the passage, audacious most nearly means:
๐ก Explanation
The key context clue is "no one had ever dared" and "so boldly". These words tell us the action was BRAVE and RISKY, not timid or careful. Audacious = ๋๋ดํ, ์ฉ๊ฐํ.
My grandmother always called her cooking "humble," but visitors were consistently amazed by the lavish spread she put on the table every Sunday.
The word lavish in the passage suggests that the meals were:
๐ก Explanation
"Lavish" = ํ์ฑํ, ์ฌ์น์ค๋ฌ์ด. The grandmother says "humble" (๊ฒธ์ํ ํํ), BUT visitors were "amazed" = ๋๋๋ค! This contrast tells us the meals were actually IMPRESSIVE and abundant.
์๊ธฐํฌ์ธํธ: ํ ๋จ์ด๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ป = multiple meanings! ํญ์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ์์ ์ด๋ค ๋ป์ธ์ง ํ์ธํด. "bank" = ์ํ OR ๊ฐ๋ OR ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ค.
๐ Read the passage
The lawyer's argument was so sound that even the opposing attorney could not find a single flaw in her reasoning.
In this context, what does the word sound mean?
๐ก Explanation
"Sound" has MANY meanings! Here, the context is "no flaw in her reasoning" โ the argument was SOLID and VALID.
๐ "sound argument" = ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ํํํ ์ฃผ์ฅ (์ด ๋ป์ ๊ผญ ์ธ์!)
A, B, C๋ ๋ชจ๋ "์๋ฆฌ"์ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ์๋ฏธ โ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ๊ณผ ์ ํ ์ ๋ง์!
์๊ธฐํฌ์ธํธ:Neither A nor B ๋๋ Either A or B ์ผ ๋, ๋์ฌ๋ ํญ์ B(๊ฐ๊น์ด ์ชฝ)์ ๋ง์ถฐ!
Neither the cats nor the dogIS hungry. (dog๊ฐ ๊ฐ๊น์ฐ๋ is!)
Choose the sentence with CORRECT subject-verb agreement:
๐ก Explanation
Neither A nor B + verb ๊ท์น: ๋์ฌ๋ B(nor ๋ฐ๋ก ๋ค)์ ์ผ์น์์ผ!
โ C: "the teachers have" โ teachers(๋ณต์) โ have (๋ณต์ ๋์ฌ) โ
โ A: "the principal have" โ principal(๋จ์) โ has๋ฅผ ์จ์ผ ํจ!
โ B: "the teacher are" โ teacher(๋จ์) โ is๋ฅผ ์จ์ผ ํจ!
โ D: "the players was" โ players(๋ณต์) โ were๋ฅผ ์จ์ผ ํจ!
p.6
7
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐ง
์๊ธฐํฌ์ธํธ:Everyone / each / anyone / nobody ๋ ๋จ์ ์ทจ๊ธ!
Everyone should bring his or her own pencil. (their โ โ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ์)
"Walking through the park" โ ์ด ํ๋์ ํ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋ฌธ์ฅ ์ฃผ์ด๊ฐ ๋์ด์ผ ํด!
โ C: "Walking through the park, Jenna saw..." โ Jenna๊ฐ ๊ฑธ์๋ค โ
โ A: "Walking through the park, a beautiful bird was seen..." โ ์๊ฐ ๊ฑธ์ด๋ค๋๋ค? ๋ง์ด ์๋จ!
โ B: "Almost the teacher" = ๊ฑฐ์ ์ ์๋? almost๋ graded ์์ ์์ผ ํด.
โ D: "every paper almost" = almost every paper๋ผ๊ณ ํด์ผ ํจ.
Ocean pollution has reached alarming levels. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste enter the sea, harming marine animals and disrupting ecosystems. Scientists warn that microplastics have now been found in fish consumed by humans. Governments worldwide are beginning to implement strict regulations on single-use plastics, though many environmental groups argue these measures do not go far enough.
What is the MAIN IDEA of this passage?
๐ก Explanation
โ A = ๋๋ฌด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ detail (์ธ๋ถ ์ฌํญ)
โ B = ๋๋ฌด ๊ด๋ฒ์ํ๊ณ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์๋ ๋ด์ฉ (too broad & not in text)
โ C = ์ ์ฒด ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์์ฐ๋ฅด๋ main idea โ
โ D = ๋ง์ง๋ง ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ์ธ๋ถ ์ฌํญ์ผ ๋ฟ (detail)
Despite practicing the piano for three years, Emily still struggled to keep the correct tempo during performances. Her teacher noticed that she would practice perfectly at home but freeze the moment she stepped on stage. Her palms would sweat, her mind would go blank, and she would lose count of the beats.
"We cannot afford to wait any longer! Every day we delay action on climate change, thousands of species edge closer to extinction. The next generation will inherit a world of floods, fires, and famine if we do not act NOW. Vote for candidates who take climate action seriously โ our children's future depends on it."
What is the author's PRIMARY purpose in writing this passage?
์๊ธฐํฌ์ธํธ:Cause & Effect ์ ํธ์ด:
์์ธโ because / since / due to / as a result of
๊ฒฐ๊ณผโ therefore / thus / consequently / as a result / so
๐ Read the passage
Due to a severe drought, the river levels in the region dropped dramatically. As a result, farmers were unable to irrigate their crops. Consequently, the harvest failed, leading to food shortages across three counties.
According to the passage, what was the DIRECT cause of the food shortage?
โ ๏ธ "direct cause" vs "root cause" ๊ตฌ๋ณ ์ค์!
p.15
๐ Section 4: Writing & Expression
16
Transition Words
โญโญโญโญโญ
๐ง
์๊ธฐํฌ์ธํธ: ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด์ ๋ ผ๋ฆฌ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ธ์!
๋ฐ์ โ However / Although / Despite
์ถ๊ฐโ Furthermore / Moreover / In addition
๊ฒฐ๋ก โ Therefore / Thus / In conclusion
๐ Fill in the blank
Training for a marathon requires months of dedication and physical preparation. __________, even well-trained runners sometimes fail to finish the race due to unexpected injuries.
์๊ธฐํฌ์ธํธ: ๋ฌธ๋จ ์์ = Topic โ Support โ Example โ Conclusion
์ฃผ์ ๋ฌธ์ด ๋จผ์ , ๋ท๋ฐ์นจ ๋ฌธ์ฅ, ์์, ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์์๋ก!
Read these sentences and choose the BEST order for a well-organized paragraph:
(1) For example, students who sleep less than eight hours score significantly lower on tests.
(2) Getting enough sleep is essential for academic success.
(3) Therefore, students should aim for at least eight hours of sleep each night.
(4) Research consistently shows that sleep deprivation impairs memory and concentration.
Regular exercise has tremendous benefits for mental health. Studies show that physical activity releases endorphins, which reduce stress and boost mood. ______________________. Additionally, people who exercise regularly report better quality of sleep.
Which sentence BEST fills the blank to support the paragraph's main idea?