์ฃผ์ด-๋์ฌ ์ผ์น ํจ์ : "A of B" โ ๋์ฌ๋ A์ ์ผ์น!
"A, along with B," โ ๋์ฌ๋ A์ ์ผ์น!
"Either A or B" โ ๋์ฌ๋ B์ ์ผ์น!
โ The quality of the reports has improved.
โ The manager, along with her team, is attending.
Neither the principal nor the teachers ______ aware of the security breach until Monday morning.
A wasB isC wereD are
์ ๋ต: C โ were
"Neither A nor B" ๊ตฌ์กฐ์์ ๋์ฌ๋ B(teachers = ๋ณต์)์ ์ผ์น.
teachers๋ ๋ณต์ โ were ์ฌ์ฉ (๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์์ ).
โ A: was๋ ๋จ์ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ (principal์ ์ผ์นํ ์ค์)
โ B/D: ํ์ฌ ์์ โ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋ฏ๋ก ํ๋ฆผ
ํ์ฌ์๋ฃ vs ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ: since/for + ๊ธฐ๊ฐ โ ํ์ฌ์๋ฃ!
"by the time S + ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋์ฌ" โ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์๋ฃ had p.p.
"by the time S + ํ์ฌ๋์ฌ" โ ๋ฏธ๋์๋ฃ will have p.p.
By the time the investigation concluded, the company
______ three separate audits to ensure compliance.
A conductedB had conductedC has conductedD was conducting
Ocean acidification, caused by the absorption of excess atmospheric COโ, poses a severe threat to marine ecosystems. As seawater becomes more acidic, the ability of organisms such as corals and mollusks to form calcium carbonate shells is significantly compromised. Scientists warn that if current emission trends continue, by 2100 ocean pH levels could drop to a point last seen over 20 million years ago โ an unprecedented shift within human history.
A describe the chemical composition of seawater in detailB argue that coral reefs will completely disappear by 2100C explain how ocean acidification threatens marine life and its unprecedented historical scaleD propose solutions to reduce atmospheric COโ emissions
Based on the passage, what can be inferred about calcium carbonate shell formation in future oceans?
A It will improve due to higher COโ concentrationsB It will become increasingly difficult as acidity risesC It will only affect deep-sea organisms, not surface creaturesD It will stop completely within the next decade
The Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual movement that flourished in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century, represented a profound shift from medievalscholasticism to a celebration of human potential and individualism. Artists and scholars drew heavily from classical Greek and Roman texts, synthesizing ancient wisdom with contemporary thought. This movement was not merely artistic; it fundamentally altered conceptions of science, politics, and the role of humanity in the universe.
The ocean acidification passage claims COโ absorption threatens shell formation. Which finding would most undermine this claim?
A Lab studies confirm that acidic water dissolves calcium carbonate shellsB Ocean pH has been declining steadily for the past centuryC Many coral species have shown reduced calcification in warmer waterD A newly discovered mollusk species thrives and builds thick shells in high-COโ environments
์ ์ ๋ถ์ฌ ๋ถ๋ฅ ์๊ธฐ:
๋์กฐ: however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, in contrast
์ถ๊ฐ: furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: therefore, thus, consequently, as a result
์๋ณด: although, even though, while, despite
๐ก ์๋ค ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ ํ์ !
She studied hard. Nevertheless, she failed the test. (๋์กฐ)
She studied hard. Consequently, she passed with honors. (๊ฒฐ๊ณผ)
The new drug showed remarkable results in early trials. ______, researchers caution that larger studies are needed before it can be approved for widespread use.
์์์ด ์ค๋ฅ(Dangling Modifier) โ SAT ์ต๋น์ถ!
โ ๋ถ์ฌ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ ์ฃผ์ด = ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ฃผ์ด์ ์ผ์นํด์ผ ํจ
โ "Walking down the street, the rain started." (๋น๊ฐ ๊ฑธ์ ์ ์์)
โ "Walking down the street, I got caught in the rain."
Which sentence is grammatically correct?
A Having studied all night, the test seemed easy to Maria.B Running through the park, the flowers were beautiful.C To become a pilot, years of training is needed.D Having reviewed the data carefully, the scientist revised her conclusion.
์ ๋ต: D
"Having reviewed the data" โ ์ฃผ์ด = the scientist โ (๊ณผํ์๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒํ ํจ)
โ A: "Having studied" โ ์ฃผ์ด = the test? (์ํ์ ๊ณต๋ถ ์ ํจ)
โ B: "Running through the park" โ ์ฃผ์ด = the flowers? (๊ฝ์ ๋ฌ๋ฆด ์ ์์)
โ C: "To become a pilot" โ ์ฃผ์ด = years of training? (ํ๋ จ์ด ํ์ผ๋ฟ์ด ๋๋ ๊ฒ ์๋)
Q16
Idioms & Prepositionsโญโญโญโญโญ
์ ์น์ฌ ๊ด์ฉ ํํ โ ํต์งธ๋ก ์๊ธฐ! attribute A to B = A๋ฅผ B์ ํ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฆฌ๋ค credited with = ~์ ๊ณต๋ก๋ฅผ ์ธ์ ๋ฐ๋ค responsible for = ~์ ์ฑ ์์ด ์๋ค distinguish A from B = A์ B๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณํ๋ค
Historians often attribute the fall of the Roman Empire
______ a combination of internal corruption and external military pressure.
A forB withC toD by
์ ๋ต: C โ to
๊ณ ์ ํํ: attribute + ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ + to + ์์ธ
"attribute the fall ... to corruption" = ๋ฉธ๋ง์ ๋ถํจ ํ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฆฌ๋ค
โ A/B/D: attribute์ ํจ๊ป ์ฐ์ด์ง ์๋ ์ ์น์ฌ
Q17
Parallel Structureโญโญโญโญโญ
๋ณ๋ ฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ(Parallel Structure): A, B, and C
โ ๋์ฌ+๋์ฌ+๋์ฌ OR ๋ช ์ฌ+๋ช ์ฌ+๋ช ์ฌ ํํ ์ผ์น
โ "She likes running, to swim, and dance"
โ "She likes running, swimming, and dancing"
๐ก and/or/but ์๋ค๋ ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ฐ์ ํํ!
The company's new strategy focuses on expanding its market share, reducing operational costs, and ______ employee satisfaction.
A to improveB the improvement ofC improvingD improved
๊ฐ๊ฒฐ์ฑ(Concision) ๋ฌธ์ โ SAT Writing ํต์ฌ!
โ ์๋ฏธ๊ฐ ์ค๋ณต๋๋ ํํ(redundancy) ์ ๊ฑฐ
โ "advance forward" / "past history" / "end result"
โ "the reason why is because" โ โ "the reason is that"
๐ก ์งง๊ณ ๋ช ํํ ๊ฒ์ด ํญ์ ์ ๋ต์ ๊ฐ๊น์!
Which version is the most concise and grammatically correct?
A Due to the fact that the bridge was damaged, it was therefore necessary to close it.B The bridge, because it was damaged, needed closing down as a necessity.C The bridge that had become damaged was closed for safety reasons that were necessary.D The damaged bridge was closed for safety.
์ ๋ต: D โ "The damaged bridge was closed for safety."
๋์ผํ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ฐ๊ฒฐํ๊ฒ ํํ (7๋จ์ด).
โ A: "Due to the fact that" โ "Because"๋ก ์ถฉ๋ถ / "therefore" ์ค๋ณต
โ B: "closing down" ์ด์, "as a necessity" ๋ถํ์
โ C: "that had become" ๋ถํ์, "that were necessary" ์ค๋ณต
A student wants to add the following sentence to an essay about renewable energy:
"In 1970, less than 1% of global electricity came from solar power."
Where should this sentence most logically be placed?
A After a paragraph about the environmental drawbacks of solar panelsB After the conclusion summarizing current solar achievementsC Before a paragraph discussing the dramatic rise in solar energy adoptionD After a paragraph arguing that fossil fuels are still superior
Unlike the fleeting trends that dominate social media, the works of Shakespeare have proved to be
______, remaining culturally relevant across centuries.