💡 파란 단어를 클릭하면 미국식 발음이 재생됩니다!
① Vocabulary in Context
단어의 뜻을 모를 때 → 앞뒤 문장 힌트(context clue)를 찾아라!
반의어 힌트: "but / however / although" 뒤에 반대 의미가 온다
동의어 힌트: "or / also known as / in other words" 뒤에 같은 의미가 온다
Q1
⚡ HARD
The scientist's findings were groundbreaking; they contradicted everything the research community had long presumed to be true.
As used in the passage, "presumed" most nearly means:
A proven through careful experiment
B completely forgotten
C assumed without definite proof
D officially denied
✅ 정답: C
"presumed"는 "증거 없이 사실이라고 추정하다"는 뜻입니다. 문장에서 과학자의 발견이 사람들이 오래 믿어왔던 것에 반했다(contradicted)는 맥락이므로, "assumed without definite proof(확실한 증거 없이 가정한)"가 적절합니다.
🔑 함정: A의 "proven"은 반대 의미! "presumed"는 아직 증명되지 않은 것을 가정한다는 의미입니다.
Q2
🎭 TRICKY
📝 EXAMPLE FIRST
The king's benevolent rule was known throughout the land — he gave food to the poor and built schools for children. → benevolent = kind, generous
Her ambiguous answer left everyone confused; no one could tell whether she meant yes or no.
"Ambiguous" is closest in meaning to:
A extremely confident
B very detailed and specific
C open to more than one interpretation
D clearly and firmly stated
✅ 정답: C
"ambiguous"는 "모호한, 두 가지 이상의 의미로 해석될 수 있는"이라는 뜻입니다. 문장 속 "no one could tell whether she meant yes or no"가 결정적인 힌트입니다.
🔑 D는 "clearly stated"(명확히 말함)이므로 정반대 의미!
② Grammar & Usage
Subject-Verb Agreement 공식:
단수 주어 → 동사에 -(e)s 붙임 / 복수 주어 → 동사 원형
⚠️ "either A or B", "neither A nor B" → B에 동사 수 맞춤!
⚠️ "along with / as well as / together with" → 앞 주어에만 맞춤!
Q3
⚡ HARD
Neither the students nor the teacher ___ aware of the schedule change.
Which verb correctly completes the sentence?
A were
B was
C are
D have been
✅ 정답: B — "was"
"Neither A nor B" 구조에서는 B(nor 뒤의 명사)에 동사 수를 맞춥니다.
여기서 B = "the teacher" → 단수 → was
🔑 많이 틀리는 이유: "students"(복수)가 눈에 띄어 "were"를 고르게 되지만, nor 뒤 "teacher"가 기준!
Q4
🎭 TRICKY
The committee, along with all its members, ___ voting on the new policy tomorrow.
A is
B are
C were
D have been
✅ 정답: A — "is"
"along with"는 주어를 바꾸지 않습니다! 진짜 주어는 "The committee"(단수)이므로 is가 맞습니다.
🔑 "along with / together with / as well as" → 괄호처럼 처리! 주어는 그 앞 명사만!
Q5
⚡ HARD
대명사 격 공식 (Pronoun Case):
주어 자리: I / he / she / they / we
목적어 자리: me / him / her / them / us
꿀팁: "between you and ___" → 항상 목적격! (me / him / her)
Between you and ___, I think the answer is obviously wrong.
✅ 정답: B — "me"
"between"은 전치사입니다. 전치사 뒤에는 항상 목적격 대명사가 와야 합니다.
between you and me ✅ / between you and I ❌
🔑 "Between you and I"는 매우 흔한 오류! SAT에 자주 출제됩니다.
③ Sentence Structure & Punctuation
쉼표 + 접속사 (FANBOYS) 공식:
두 개의 완전한 문장(Independent Clause) 연결 = [S+V], FANBOYS [S+V]
FANBOYS = For / And / Nor / But / Or / Yet / So
⚠️ 쉼표만으로 두 문장 연결 = Comma Splice 오류!
Q6
⚡ HARD
Which sentence contains a comma splice error?
A She studied hard, so she passed the exam.
B He was tired, he went to bed early.
C Although she was tired, she finished the project.
D He ran quickly but still missed the bus.
✅ 정답: B
B: "He was tired" + "he went to bed early" — 둘 다 완전한 문장인데 쉼표만으로 연결 = Comma Splice!
올바른 표현: "He was tired, so he went to bed early." 또는 "He was tired; he went to bed early."
🔑 쉼표 하나로 두 완전한 문장을 합치면 오류입니다.
Q7
🎭 TRICKY
The experiment failed; however, the scientists were not discouraged.
Why is the semicolon used correctly in this sentence?
A It separates items in a list with internal commas
B It introduces a list after a complete sentence
C It connects two independent clauses with a conjunctive adverb
D It separates a dependent clause from a main clause
✅ 정답: C
세미콜론(;) + however / therefore / moreover 등의 접속 부사 → 두 완전한 문장 연결 가능!
공식: [S+V] ; however, [S+V]
🔑 however 앞에는 반드시 세미콜론, 뒤에는 쉼표!
④ Reading Comprehension
주제 찾기 공식: 첫 문단 첫 문장 + 마지막 문단 마지막 문장을 먼저 읽어라!
추론 문제 공식: 정답은 항상 본문에 근거! 내 생각 X, 본문 근거 O
어조(tone) 공식: 감정 형용사/부사 찾기 → positive vs negative
Questions 8–11 refer to the following passage:
The ocean, covering more than seventy percent of Earth's surface, remains one of the most unexplored regions on the planet. Despite centuries of maritime travel, scientists estimate that more than 80 percent of the ocean floor has never been mapped or studied in detail. The creatures that inhabit the deepest ocean trenches remain largely mysterious, as the extreme pressure and lack of light make exploration extraordinarily difficult. Recent advances in robotics, however, have begun to revolutionize deep-sea research, offering scientists a window into a world that has long eluded human understanding.
Q8
What is the main idea of the passage?
A Humans have completely explored the ocean floor.
B Maritime travel has been common for centuries.
C Despite its vastness, most of the ocean remains unexplored, though technology is changing this.
D Deep-sea creatures are dangerous and unpredictable.
✅ 정답: C
지문의 핵심: 바다는 대부분 미탐사 상태 → 그러나 로보틱스 기술이 이를 바꾸기 시작했다.
첫 문장(미탐사) + 마지막 문장(기술의 진보)를 합치면 = C!
🔑 A는 지문과 정반대, D는 지문에서 언급되지 않음.
Q9
🎭 TRICKY
The word "revolutionize" in the last sentence suggests that robotics will:
A make only slight improvements to deep-sea research
B completely replace all human ocean research
C bring dramatic, fundamental change to deep-sea research
D slow down ocean exploration significantly
✅ 정답: C
"revolutionize" = 혁명적으로 바꾸다 → "dramatic, fundamental change"
🔑 A "slight improvements"는 완전히 반대! revolution은 작은 변화가 아니라 근본적인 변화입니다.
Q10
⚡ HARD
Based on the passage, which statement can be inferred?
A Scientists are not interested in exploring the ocean.
B The conditions in the deep ocean have historically limited exploration.
C Maritime travel has always been done for scientific purposes.
D All ocean creatures have already been identified by scientists.
✅ 정답: B
추론 문제 = 본문에 명시되지 않았지만 내용에서 논리적으로 도출 가능한 것!
"extreme pressure and lack of light make exploration extraordinarily difficult" → 이 조건들이 역사적으로 탐사를 방해했다고 추론 가능.
🔑 C, D는 본문 근거 없음. A는 지문 내용과 반대.
Q11
🎭 TRICKY
The overall tone of the passage is best described as:
A alarmed and urgent
B humorous and lighthearted
C informative and cautiously optimistic
D highly critical and pessimistic
✅ 정답: C
지문은 사실을 전달하면서(informative), 마지막에 기술 발전으로 인한 긍정적 전망을 제시(cautiously optimistic)합니다.
🔑 "however, have begun to revolutionize" → 조심스럽지만 낙관적인 마무리!
⑤ Writing & Rhetoric
문장 추가/삭제 문제 공식:
✅ 추가해야 할 때 → 주제와 직접 관련, 앞뒤 문장과 논리적 연결
✅ 삭제해야 할 때 → 주제에서 벗어난 불필요한 세부 정보
"transition" 단어 공식:
대조: however / nevertheless / in contrast
추가: furthermore / moreover / in addition
결과: therefore / thus / as a result
Q12
⚡ HARD
Read the following sentences:
"Solar energy is becoming increasingly affordable. ___, many households still rely primarily on fossil fuels."
Which transition word best completes the blank?
A Furthermore
B Therefore
C Nevertheless
D Similarly
✅ 정답: C — "Nevertheless"
앞 문장(태양광 에너지가 저렴해지고 있다) ↔ 뒷 문장(그래도 화석연료 의존) → 대조 관계!
"Nevertheless" = 그럼에도 불구하고 → 완벽한 대조 연결어
🔑 B "Therefore"는 인과관계, A "Furthermore"는 추가 정보 → 둘 다 틀림!
Q13
🎭 TRICKY
Which sentence should be deleted from the paragraph below?
[1] Exercise has many proven benefits for mental health. [2] Regular physical activity reduces stress and anxiety. [3] My cousin enjoys hiking on weekends. [4] Studies show that exercise can also improve sleep quality and boost concentration.
A Sentence 1
B Sentence 2
C Sentence 3
D Sentence 4
✅ 정답: C — Sentence 3
단락의 주제: "운동이 정신 건강에 미치는 이점"
Sentence 3: "My cousin enjoys hiking on weekends" → 개인적 사례이며 단락 주제와 무관!
🔑 삭제 문제 = 주제와 관계없는 문장 찾기. 이 문장은 근거도, 예시도 아닌 무관한 정보.
⑥ Advanced Vocabulary
접두사(Prefix) 암기 치트키:
mis- = 잘못(mistake, mislead) | dis- = 반대(disagree, dislike)
pre- = 미리(predict, precaution) | re- = 다시(redo, reconsider)
over- = 지나치게(overestimate) | under- = 부족(underestimate)
Q14
⚡ HARD
The politician's speech was filled with rhetoric but lacked any substantive policy proposals.
"Substantive" most nearly means:
A emotional and dramatic
B loud and forceful
C having real substance and importance
D quick and efficient
✅ 정답: C
"substantive" = 실질적인, 내용이 있는
rhetoric(미사여구) ↔ substantive proposals(실질적인 정책) 대조 구조!
🔑 어근 분석: substance(실체, 내용) + -ive(형용사) = 실질적인
Q15
🎭 TRICKY
Choose the word that is most opposite in meaning to meticulous.
A thorough
B careful
C precise
D careless
✅ 정답: D — careless
"meticulous" = 세심한, 꼼꼼한, 매우 주의 깊은
반대말 = careless(부주의한, 허술한)
🔑 A, B, C는 모두 meticulous와 비슷한 의미! 반의어 문제는 선택지 중 가장 "반대"인 것을 골라야 합니다.
⑦ Verb Tense & Modifiers
동사 시제 일치 공식:
과거 + 과거완료(had + p.p.) → 더 먼저 일어난 일에 과거완료 사용
Dangling Modifier 공식: 분사구문의 주어 = 주절의 주어여야 함!
예: ❌ "Walking to school, the rain started." (비가 학교에 걷지 않음)
✅ "Walking to school, I got caught in the rain."
Q16
⚡ HARD
Which sentence contains a dangling modifier?
A Having finished the test, the room fell silent.
B Having finished the test, the students left quietly.
C After running five miles, she felt exhausted.
D While cooking dinner, he listened to music.
✅ 정답: A
A: "Having finished the test" → 시험을 끝낸 주체가 "the room(방)"이 됨 → 방이 시험을 끝낼 수 없음!
올바른 표현: "Having finished the test, the students fell silent."
🔑 분사구문 바로 뒤 = 반드시 그 행동의 주체가 주어로 와야 합니다!
Q17
🎭 TRICKY
By the time she arrived at the station, the train ___ already.
A left
B has left
C had left
D was leaving
✅ 정답: C — "had left"
"By the time + 과거" → 그보다 더 먼저 일어난 일에 과거완료(had + p.p.) 사용!
그녀가 도착(과거) 하기 전에 기차가 떠남(더 먼저) = had left
🔑 "By the time she arrived" = 시간 기준점(과거) → 그 전 사건 = 과거완료!
⑧ Final Challenge 🔥
Q18
⚡ HARD
affect vs effect 공식:
affect = 동사 (영향을 미치다) → "The rain affected our plans."
effect = 명사 (영향, 결과) → "The effect of rain on our plans was significant."
암기법: A comes before E → Affect(동사) → causes Effect(명사)
The new medication had a significant ___ on the patient's recovery.
A affect
B effect
C effecting
D affecting
✅ 정답: B — "effect"
빈칸 앞에 "a significant"(관사+형용사) → 명사 자리! → effect(명사)
🔑 관사(a/an/the) 뒤에는 명사! affect는 동사이므로 불가.
Q19
⚡ HARD
SAT Writing prefers active voice over passive voice. Which is the active voice version of the following sentence?
"The novel was written by the young author."
A The novel had been written by the young author.
B The young author wrote the novel.
C It was the young author who the novel was written by.
D The novel, written by the young author, was published.
✅ 정답: B
수동태(passive): 주어 + be동사 + p.p. + by ~
능동태(active): 행위자(the young author)를 주어로 → [주어 + 동사 + 목적어]
🔑 SAT Writing에서는 능동태가 더 직접적이고 간결하기 때문에 선호됩니다.
Q20
🎭 FINAL BOSS
아포스트로피 공식 (절대 헷갈리지 마):
it's = it is (단축형) | its = 소유격 (그것의)
they're = they are | their = 소유격 | there = 장소
you're = you are | your = 소유격
Which sentence uses apostrophes correctly?
A The dog wagged it's tail when it's owner arrived.
B The dog wagged its tail when its owner arrived.
C The dog wagged its' tail when its' owner arrived.
D The dog wagged it's tail when its owner arrived.
✅ 정답: B
"its"(소유격) = 아포스트로피 없음! → 개의 꼬리, 개의 주인 → 모두 "its"
"it's" = "it is"의 줄임말 → 여기서는 소유 관계이므로 틀림!
C의 "its'" = 존재하지 않는 형태!
🔑 소유격 its에는 절대 아포스트로피 없음. its' 같은 형태는 영어에 없습니다!
✏️ My Notes
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