Self-Study Worksheet · Grades 6–9

Math Mastery

Pre-Algebra & Geometry · Core Problems · Multiple Choice

Chapter 1Pre-Algebra

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Memory Point ·  PEMDAS → Parentheses → Exponents → Multiply/Divide → Add/Subtract
Question 01
Order of Operations

Evaluate: 3 + 4 × (2² − 1) ÷ 5

⚠ Tricky: Many students add 3 + 4 first. Remember PEMDAS!

Worked Example
2 + 6 × (3² − 3) ÷ 6
Step 1 — Parentheses: 3² = 9, then 9 − 3 = 6
Step 2 — Multiply: 6 × 6 = 36
Step 3 — Divide: 36 ÷ 6 = 6
Step 4 — Add: 2 + 6 = 8
Memory Point ·  LIKE TERMS: same variable same power → combine coefficients only
Question 02
Combining Like Terms

Simplify: 5x² + 3x − 2x² + 7 − x

⚠ Tricky: x² and x are NOT like terms — don't combine them!

Worked Example
4a² + 2a − a² + 5 − 3a
Group: (4a²−a²) + (2a−3a) + 5
= 3a² − a + 5
Memory Point ·  EQUATION: do the SAME thing to BOTH sides → balance the scale
Question 03
One-Step Equations

Solve for x: −3x = 21

⚠ Tricky: Dividing by a negative number flips the sign of the answer!

Worked Example
−5y = 30 → divide both sides by −5
y = 30 ÷ (−5) = −6
Memory Point ·  TWO-STEP: undo Addition/Subtraction FIRST, then Multiplication/Division
Question 04
Two-Step Equations

Solve: 2x + 5 = −3

⚠ Tricky: Students often subtract 2 from both sides first. Subtract the constant 5 first!

Worked Example
3y − 4 = 11
Step 1: Add 4 both sides → 3y = 15
Step 2: Divide by 3 → y = 5
Memory Point ·  INEQUALITY: flip the sign when you multiply or divide by a NEGATIVE number
Question 05
Inequalities

Solve: −4x + 1 > 13 and graph on a number line (describe).

⚠ Most missed: dividing by −4 flips ">" to "<"!

Worked Example
−2x + 3 > 7
Subtract 3: −2x > 4
Divide by −2 (FLIP!): x < −2
Open circle at −2, arrow pointing LEFT
Memory Point ·  RATIO / PROPORTION: cross-multiply → a/b = c/d means a×d = b×c
Question 06
Ratios & Proportions

If 5 pencils cost $2.75, how much do 8 pencils cost?

⚠ Tricky: Set up a proportion carefully — label numerators and denominators the same way.

Worked Example
3 apples cost $1.50. Cost of 7 apples?
3/1.50 = 7/x → 3x = 1.50×7 = 10.50
x = $3.50
Memory Point ·  PERCENT: IS/OF = PERCENT/100 → "is" = part, "of" = whole
Question 07
Percent Problems

A jacket originally costs $80. It is on sale for 35% off. What is the sale price?

⚠ Tricky: Students find 35% ($28) and stop there — that's the discount, not the price!

Worked Example
Original: $60, Discount: 25%
Discount amount = 0.25 × 60 = $15
Sale price = 60 − 15 = $45
Memory Point ·  EXPONENT RULES: x^a × x^b = x^(a+b) · x^a ÷ x^b = x^(a−b) · (x^a)^b = x^(a×b)
Question 08
Exponent Rules

Simplify: (x³)² × x⁻¹

⚠ Tricky: (x³)² = x⁶ (multiply exponents), then subtract 1 for x⁻¹. Many students add 3+2 instead of multiplying.

Worked Example
(y²)³ × y⁻² = y⁶ × y⁻² = y^(6−2) = y⁴
Memory Point ·  SLOPE = rise/run = (y₂−y₁)/(x₂−x₁) → always subtract in the same order
Question 09
Slope of a Line

Find the slope of the line passing through (2, −1) and (−4, 5).

⚠ Tricky: If you mix up which point is (x₁,y₁), you still get the same slope — but mixing up x and y order gives a wrong sign.

Worked Example
Points: (1,3) and (4,9)
m = (9−3)/(4−1) = 6/3 = 2
Memory Point ·  DISTRIBUTIVE: a(b+c) = ab+ac · FOIL for (a+b)(c+d) = ac+ad+bc+bd
Question 10
Distributive Property

Expand: −3(2x − 5) + 4x

⚠ Most missed: forgetting to distribute the negative sign to BOTH terms inside. −3 × (−5) = +15, not −15!

Worked Example
−2(3a − 4) + 5a
= −6a + 8 + 5a
= −a + 8

Chapter 2Geometry

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Memory Point ·  TRIANGLE ANGLES: all 3 angles add up to EXACTLY 180°
Question 01
Triangle Angle Sum

A triangle has angles of 47° and 83°. What is the third angle?

⚠ Tricky: Students sometimes subtract from 360° (that's for quadrilaterals!)

Worked Example
Two angles: 55° and 75°
Third angle = 180° − 55° − 75° = 50°
Memory Point ·  PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM: a² + b² = c² · c is always the HYPOTENUSE (longest side)
Question 02
Pythagorean Theorem

A right triangle has legs of 9 cm and 12 cm. What is the length of the hypotenuse?

⚠ Tricky: c = √(81+144) = √225. Don't forget to take the square root at the end!

Worked Example
Legs: 3 and 4
c² = 3² + 4² = 9 + 16 = 25
c = √25 = 5
Memory Point ·  AREA of CIRCLE = π r² · CIRCUMFERENCE = 2πr · r = radius (not diameter!)
Question 03
Circle: Area & Circumference

A circle has a diameter of 10 m. What is its area? (Use π ≈ 3.14)

⚠ Most common mistake: using diameter instead of radius! r = d ÷ 2 = 5.

Worked Example
Diameter = 8 cm → radius = 4 cm
Area = π × 4² = 3.14 × 16 = 50.24 cm²
Memory Point ·  COMPLEMENTARY = two angles sum to 90° · SUPPLEMENTARY = two angles sum to 180°
Question 04
Complementary & Supplementary Angles

Angle A and Angle B are supplementary. If Angle A = 67°, what is Angle B?

⚠ Tricky: Supplementary → 180°. Students often subtract from 90° (that's complementary!)

Worked Example
Supplementary pair: Angle X = 45°
Angle Y = 180° − 45° = 135°
Memory Point ·  PERIMETER = sum of ALL sides · AREA = space INSIDE the shape
Question 05
Area of Triangle

A triangle has a base of 14 cm and a height of 9 cm. Find its area.

⚠ Tricky: Area of triangle = ½ × base × height. Students forget the ½ and get double the answer!

Worked Example
Base = 10, Height = 6
Area = ½ × 10 × 6 = 30 cm²
Memory Point ·  VERTICAL ANGLES: opposite angles when two lines cross → ALWAYS equal
Question 06
Parallel Lines & Transversals

Two parallel lines are cut by a transversal. One angle is 125°. What is the measure of its alternate interior angle?

⚠ Tricky: Alternate interior = equal. Co-interior (same-side) = supplementary (adds to 180°). Don't mix them up!

Worked Example
Alternate interior angles are equal.
If one = 70°, the other = 70°.
Memory Point ·  VOLUME of RECTANGULAR PRISM = length × width × height (3 dimensions)
Question 07
Volume of a Prism

A rectangular box is 8 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 3 cm tall. What is its volume?

⚠ Tricky: Volume uses ALL THREE dimensions. Students sometimes only multiply two (getting area, not volume).

Worked Example
Box: 4×6×2
V = 4×6×2 = 48 cm³
Memory Point ·  CONGRUENT: same shape AND same size · SIMILAR: same shape, different size (proportional sides)
Question 08
Similar Triangles

Two similar triangles have corresponding sides in a ratio of 3:5. The smaller triangle has a side of 9 cm. What is the corresponding side of the larger triangle?

⚠ Tricky: Set up the ratio carefully. 3/5 = 9/x, then cross-multiply.

Worked Example
Ratio 2:7, smaller side = 6
2/7 = 6/x → 2x = 42 → x = 21
Memory Point ·  EXTERIOR ANGLE of TRIANGLE = sum of the two NON-adjacent interior angles
Question 09
Exterior Angle Theorem

In a triangle, two interior angles are 42° and 61°. What is the measure of the exterior angle at the third vertex?

⚠ Tricky: Exterior angle = sum of the two non-adjacent angles. Many students compute 180°−(42°+61°) then subtract again!

Worked Example
Interior angles: 35° and 80°
Exterior angle = 35° + 80° = 115°
Memory Point ·  SURFACE AREA of CUBE = 6s² (6 identical square faces) · VOLUME = s³
Question 10
Surface Area

A cube has a side length of 7 cm. What is its total surface area?

⚠ Tricky: Students compute 7²=49 and stop. A cube has 6 faces! Multiply by 6.

Worked Example
Cube side = 4 cm
One face area = 4² = 16
Surface area = 6 × 16 = 96 cm²