📖 Before You Begin

This exam covers all five major SAT English domains. Review the key concepts below, then attempt each question. Instant feedback and full explanations are provided.

Reading
Grammar
Writing
Vocabulary
Rhetoric

📚 Reading Comprehension

Core Skill: Finding Evidence
Every answer must be directly supported by the text. The SAT never rewards interpretation beyond what is stated. For Command of Evidence questions, locate the exact lines that prove your answer.
Explicit Evidence Implicit Inference Command of Evidence Textual Support
Example Strategy Q: The author's primary purpose in the passage is to…
→ Read the first and last paragraphs. The purpose is almost always stated or summarized there.
✓ Look for verbs: "argue," "compare," "describe," "challenge," "illustrate"
Key Memorize: Transition Logic
Contrast: however, although, despite, yet, whereas, nevertheless
Addition: furthermore, moreover, in addition, also
Cause/Effect: therefore, thus, consequently, as a result
Concession: admittedly, granted, of course, to be sure

✏️ Standard English Grammar

Subject-Verb Agreement Rules
The verb must agree with its true subject, not the nearest noun.
• Prepositional phrases between subject and verb are distractors.
• Collective nouns (team, committee, data) → usually singular in SAT
• Compound subjects joined by or/nor → verb agrees with the closest subject
FANBOYS Singular: each, every, either, neither Plural: few, many, both, several
Punctuation Power Rules
Semicolon (;) = joins two independent clauses
Colon (:) = introduces a list, explanation, or quote (clause before must be independent)
Comma + FANBOYS = joins two independent clauses
Dash (—) = strong emphasis or interruption
No comma = before/after restrictive clauses ("that")
Quick Test "The study was groundbreaking __ it changed medical practice forever."
→ Need to join two independent clauses
✓ Answer: semicolon (;) or period (.)
Pronoun & Modifier Rules
Pronoun-Antecedent: pronoun must clearly refer to one specific noun
Modifier Placement: modifying phrase must be adjacent to what it modifies
Dangling modifier: "Walking down the street, the trees looked beautiful" → WRONG
Misplaced modifier: Move the modifier next to the correct noun

📝 Writing & Language / Concision

Concision Strategy
The SAT rewards shorter, cleaner sentences. When in doubt between two grammatically correct options, pick the more concise one.
Eliminate Redundancy Remove "the fact that" Active > Passive voice Cut filler words
Redundancy Traps ✗ "end result" → ✓ "result"
✗ "past history" → ✓ "history"
✗ "new innovation" → ✓ "innovation"
✗ "completely eliminate" → ✓ "eliminate"

🎯 Rhetoric, Purpose & Organization

Rhetorical Analysis Framework
Author's Purpose: to inform, persuade, entertain, analyze, describe
Tone: objective, critical, skeptical, enthusiastic, nostalgic, ironic
Audience: who is the intended reader?
Transition Questions: does this sentence support, contrast, or add to the previous idea?

💡 Vocabulary in Context

High-Frequency SAT Words to Memorize
For context vocabulary questions, always re-read the sentence with each answer choice substituted. The correct word fits the precise meaning in context, not just any synonym.
ambiguous austere benign pragmatic profound scrutinize tenuous vindicate ephemeral juxtapose mitigate nuanced

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