Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
A calculator is not permitted for this paper.
Answer all questions. Unless otherwise stated, all numerical answers must be given exactly or correct to three significant figures.
Section A: answer all questions in the boxes provided. Section B: answer all questions; full working must be shown for each part.
Each question card includes an optional Hint and Concept note — use these only if you get stuck, then try the question again before revealing the explanation.