MYP Physics Notebook 4&5 · Heathcote
Key concept · Energy

Unit 11: Work, Power and Energy Calculations

This unit brings together everything about energy: how to calculate work done, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and power.

01 Work done

work done (J) = force (N) × distance moved in the direction of the force (m)

Work is done whenever a force causes something to move. Work done is measured in joules (J), the same unit as energy — because doing work is a way of transferring energy.

02 Kinetic and gravitational potential energy

kinetic energy (J) = ½ × mass (kg) × velocity² (m/s)²
gravitational potential energy (J) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/kg) × height (m)

On Earth, gravitational field strength is about 9.8 N/kg (often rounded to 10 N/kg).

03 Power

power (W) = energy transferred (J) ÷ time taken (s)

Power is the rate of doing work or transferring energy. A more powerful machine transfers the same energy in less time, or transfers more energy in the same time.

V Key vocabulary

TermMeaning
Work doneEnergy transferred when a force moves an object, measured in joules.
Kinetic energyEnergy an object has because of its motion.
Gravitational potential energyEnergy an object has because of its height above the ground.
PowerThe rate of transferring energy, measured in watts (W).

? Quick check

Try to answer before you tap. Answers are hidden underneath.

A 1200 kg car travels at 20 m/s. Calculate its kinetic energy.
240,000 J (KE = ½ × 1200 kg × 20² = ½ × 1200 × 400 = 240,000 J).
A crane lifts a 500 kg load 8 m upward. Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained (use g = 10 N/kg).
40,000 J (GPE = m × g × h = 500 kg × 10 N/kg × 8 m = 40,000 J).
A motor transfers 6000 J of energy in 20 s. Calculate its power.
300 W (P = E ÷ t = 6000 J ÷ 20 s = 300 W).